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Your stomach has a thick mucous lining that protects it from these substances, but your esophagus doesnt

Given that PLWH are roughly twice as likely as the general population to smoke cigarettes [3,4,5] and have more trouble quitting [3, 4], and that nicotine (a primary constituent of tobacco smoke) is anti-inflammatory [6] and pro-cognitive [7], understanding the effects of being HIV+ and cigarette smoking on neuroinflammation and cognitive control in PLWH is crucial

152 , 102108, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.015 (2015)

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However, disease recurrence is almost the rule after a curative resection and, for this reason, preventive algorithms have been repeatedly proposed[34,35]